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For what it's worth, the actual search backend seems to be implemented in the separate "GeoData" extension: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:GeoData

That extension exposes a public API that allows setting any search radius up to 10 km ( https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&modules=query... ), so presumably there's no barrier to making the search radius smaller, but maybe there'd be performance issues if you allowed making it larger.

(NearbyPages just embeds a Vue app into the page that makes a client-side fetch() call to invoke that API with a hard-coded radius.)

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The Special:Nearby feature seems to support changing the language. nearbywiki.org is just English while the OP has a language switch but it's limited.

Now I'm not sure if switching the language pulls in more results or just changes the article language...

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When you change the language you are essentially moving to a different Wikipedia site, so yes it does - it pulls the results from the local site you are on.
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Ok so in theory you'll get the best results on Wikipedia in the local language... if the locals have bothered to fill in Wikipedia.
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