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iOS does sandbox their processes really well, that's why this hack was as difficult as it was. The Safari thing you're talking about is JIT - iOS disables all runtime code generation across the system except in Safari (for JavaScript), but this is a completely separate thing from sandboxing.
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Actually, no, I now remember this was about iMessage specifically and how it isn't completely isolated/runs as system service or sth? Or about the renderer?

Which would make sense because these attacks seem to exploit the same weakness.

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iMessage's attachment renderer is also sandboxed, actually. You might be talking about this vulnerability: https://projectzero.google/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero..., but the second half of the vulnerability exploit chain was finding a way out of the CoreGraphics (Apple's image rendering library) sandbox to hack the rest of the system.
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Yes, I think that was it, thanks!
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