I have one in the bedroom. On low, I barely hear it during the day (extra ambient noise from outside) but at night the white-noise is subtle but effective. That said, I don't like "loud" white noise, just a quiet hum.
Housefresh, which is a criminally underrated review channel btw, recently did a comparison of PC fans for this purpose. The Thermalright TL-14C family came out strong in the "Silent" category, with the best ultra-quiet 24/7 fan speed performance. This comes at the cost of slightly worse max speed CADR vs the venerable Arctic P14.
I still haven’t seen anything else that can compare to IQAir HyperHEPA filters. They use these things in hospitals.
I agree big fans moving slowly is better all else equal, and something AirFanta-like that used a 12" fan could be even better.
Turning them up to med/high would just cause too much airflow.