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I sincerely believe you need much more than one billion tokens to rewrite the entire PDF dependency stack in a memory safe language. I think you underestimate how many features PDF has.
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I wish that Apple today was a little more like the Apple that ruthlessly murdered the floppy disc and Flash.
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Seriously though, I wonder why nobody really attempted to dethrone PDF yet. How hard can it be (famous last words) to design a document format that allows what people generally expect from a PDF, but without the multimedia and interactive parts that are dangerous?
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Network effect. Most documents are PDF. You would need at least backward compatibility, which would mean opening doors to the existing problem.
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Firefox has been working on this and are making good headway over the last few years.
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It's sandboxed, not in a VM but using the *OS sandbox/seatbelt. Running all renderers in a separate VM on a consumer phone sounds like a terrible time when you need to stay competitive regarding performance, responsiveness, etc.
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it offers just enough cover and deniability. Q.e.d this sub thread.

it's a feature. expect next exploit to also be pdf or image related.

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The sandbox is just another layer
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A bulletproof vest is just another layer.
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