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Don't know about the leopard and model x, but at least in the case of OpenAI luna > Terra > Sol > Astra is a pretty obvious size progression.

But I come from a latin language background, so maybe I'm a bit biased there.

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At the risk of taking a geocentric position, my gut feel is Terra -> Luna -> Sol -> Astra. Sorting algorithm is distance from observer.

Size wise Astra is not categorically bigger than Sol, both in absolute terms and the observed size.

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Astra is latin for "stars", so basically the Galaxy (or Universe as a whole) which is categorically bigger than Sol, the sun, a single star.

The naming makes perfect sense to me, the sorting algorithm is size, both for the names and for the models themselves. Smaller things represent smaller models, and vice versa.

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> the Galaxy (or Universe as a whole) which is categorically bigger than Sol, the sun, a single star.

I would need to be a complete moron to argue with this. Humor me, however. My Latin skills end at remembering "Romani Ite Domum" and English is not my first language.

My layman reading of the names: there is one Terra, one Luna and one Sol => "Astra" is singular.

Now that I googled it, I understand that "Astra" literally means the "Stars" category. I would not have thought that they called a single star "Astrum". On the other hand, I am not sure if it means "Galaxy" in modern sense, but we're entering Roman Astronomy territory, where I am even less knowledgeable than in the language.

Sol is a star, so having a dedicated Stars category on the naming scale makes less sense. Treating Astra as Stars set without Sol, the "distance from observer" argument still kind of makes sense.

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> My layman reading of the names: there is one Terra, one Luna and one Sol => "Astra" is singular.

That is incorrect. "Astra" is Latin for "stars" (plural). The singular would be "astrum".

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Ad Astra. To the stars.
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Size is by far the most obvious one, at least for me.
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Yeah, this was my initial thought as well... I guess they didn't ask anyone before choosing the new naming scheme. But that isn't particularly surprising.
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It doesn't help that the moon and sun have roughly the same apparent size in the sky
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Why on earth (no pun intended) would anyone do this?
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    Luna  = Moon
    Terra = Earth
    Sol   = Sun
    Astra = Galaxy
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I didnt know this but apparently Astra is the plural of astrum (latin for star).
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Cannot wait for Universe and Multiverse levels.
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Or perhaps they'll release Supernova, then Singularity to market their ASI model.
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In the multiverse version, the model isn’t any smarter, but it’s evil.
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Only if it has a goatee, which is how we know Robert Downey Jr's Iron Man and Benedict Cumberbatch's Doctor Strange were only the heroes of their own narratives, and nobody else's.
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“Let there be light.”
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Astra means star, like the Sun
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I went by their illustration of GPT 6 Astra that looks like a spiral galaxy[1].

[1]: https://openai.com/index/gpt-6-astra/

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"Stars", if I'm being pedantic.
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Not pedantic, the plural is the point. More than one star (Sol).
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Good God, what has happened to people here? You literally wrote that Luna is greater than Terra, Terra is greater than Sol and so on.
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Maybe just read this like an arrow?
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Astra > Sol > Terra > Luna seems clear enough to me

Leopard (10.5) and Yosemite (10.10) both came with clear version numbers

Model X and Model Y are siblings which do not have a clear hierarchical relationship

Gemini 4 Carbon and Gemini 4 Argon are rather difficult for me to tell at a glance

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Confusingly, Carbon is another model in the same size class as Argon. Every other lab would have just called it Gemini 4.1 Argon.
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AFAIK they are all (Barium, Argon, Carbon) different checkpoints of the same (ongoing) training run
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Luna/Terra/Sol/Astra make perfect sense, it indicates model tier/size with larger celestial body representing larger model.

Same for Anthropic, consistent model tier naming reused across model generations.

Those are just like i3/i5/i7 or M-series Pro/Max/Ultra.

But Carbon seems to be full replacement of Argon announced two weeks ago, they're same price. So Argon doesn't mean anything, they just picked random element.

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Both openai and anthropic names feel much more confusing than cpu names to me.

They'd be fine except every named model has multiple numbered versions, with no consistent relatioship between cost or capability corresponding to the version numbers going up or down.

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Could it be an alphabetic system like Ubuntu's?
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I thought the obvious next one would have been Boron then
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FYI, Model S, 3, X, Y is an acronym for S E X Y.
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Lol feeling so dumb rn. How have I not noticed that before and how such an unserious guy is the richest man on earth?
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The only hindrance for him was that Ford still held an automotive category trademark for Model E, hence Tesla had to go with Model 3.
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He is extremely unserious. Did you miss the part where he cheated at Diablo to try to seem to be some kind of dedicated gamer? Or, y'know, the whole Cybertruck? Or the "pedo guy" comment after his harebrained submersible idea went nowhere and a regular diver saved a bunch of Thai kids?

He's always been deeply unserious.

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And DOGE

The pedo-guy comment though I think was him being serious, unfortunately.

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And all the 420/69 references. And doing "let that sink in" as a live-action bit.
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Just that Z was on the market before 3 was, right?
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Oh my god...I just realized SpaceX = Space Sex?
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Nah, Elon is well reported to have been crazy about "X.com" since ~2000 and thus it makes sense it got incorporated into SpaceX name
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The original was that’s too lame for BitchX.doc and then it got replaced by all sorts of other things. Was an IRC meme before memes were a thing.
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Would it have been so hard to call it Gemini 4.1 or 4.5?
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Then how would you compete with Anthropic and OAI with such boring names?
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Is this was xai isn’t winning because they still use numbers for grok releases?
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Do both like OAI and Anthropic do.
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terra/sol or opus/haiku give an indication of size (the sun is bigger than the earth, opus is larger than a haiku). Carbon is smaller than argon (periodic table speaking), so that's no longer a helpful way of thinking about the model sizes...
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