> "the individual is just following perverse incentives that have been socially normalized over time"

Normalization of deviance,

https://hn.algolia.com/?query=normalization%20deviance&type=...

"They need to keep trains on schedule, using a buggy system, with a manager looking over their shoulder."

Also lots of potentially angry passengers who want to get to their destination in time. Will miss important appointments, or even the last train connection for the day and be stranded if the train drivers decide to wait a little bit longer to be on the save side.

I recently saw a doc on the 2013 Spanish crash and it was full of absurd system problems. The govt pinned it on the driver as best they could but it's clear that it was entirely preventable.

> human negligence and the system doing exactly what it’s supposed to do

Negligence is not limited to the single human who issued the order. it's pretty unlikely that their order could have caused this without a significant amount of other negligence that eroded the safeguards. Nevertheless, the negligence is human, not machine in nature.

I did read from HN someone from Spain said that the system crashed very often that they had to rely on humans frequently.

Trains in spain have been running at reduced speed, delayed or even cancelled for a while due to aging infrastructure, which might've actually caused another deadly accident back in winter, so this behavior does not surprise me.

> Show me the incentive and I’ll show you the outcome

> -Charlie Munger

Normalization of deviance [0], wherein a clearly unsafe practice becomes considered normal if it does not immediately cause a catastrophe: "a long incubation period [before a final disaster] with early warning signs that were either misinterpreted, ignored or missed completely

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_of_deviance

It’s still gross negligence to place punctuality over safety, regardless of the reasons behind this behaviour.

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