UI-level Carbon is gone, but various low-level APIs persist.
The Carbon API itself lasted until 10.15 (Catalina / 2019) for 32 bit apps, so there's presumably at least some classic Mac OS derived code in there until then.
You'll get this error if you try to use the Carbon menu APIs:
> References to Carbon menus are disallowed with AppKit menu system on macOS 14 and newer. Use instances of NSMenu and NSMenuItem directly instead
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/macos-release-note...