> Firstly, the cost of fixing a bug once you know it exists is usually minimal compared to the cost of discovering that bug.

Boy, I wish!

> Like you say, you typically only die of one thing, so if you know the patient won't die of a particular diagnosis because something else is more likely to kill them, then it might not be worth making that diagnosis.

You can't know someone didn't die of X until after they died, that's the entire point of this dilemma.