Those aren't family names but rather patronyms or matronyms (respectively); they directly translate to "son/daughter of Ivan". As I understand though, matronyms are often based on the name of the person's mother, so Ivanova wouldn't be a common name.
replyThat said, I don't speak Russian and have only a passing familiarity with the construction of Russian names, so don't take this as gospel.
I don't think so. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanov says it's a surname, equivalent to "Johnson" (since Ivan is Slavic for John).
replyIn the old days Johnson might've meant literally "son of John" but no longer. All of the people with the surname "Ivanov(a)" on that page also have a patronym, which in the West would be considered a middle name.
GP is correct. Ivanov or Ivanova would generally be surnames, whereas Ivanov or Ivanov[n]a would be patronyms. In Russian culture, they generally don't use matronyms. And yes, it is indeed common in Russia to refer to individuals whom you are not close with using their surname, similar to Japanese culture.
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