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This is what I do by setting caps at compile time, they aren’t a runtime feature. You either compile out code without a grant or it errors.
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How will you allow permissions for a `ls` style tool? I want to be able to do `ls /etc`.
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The tool parses its command line, claims the capabilities it needs, drops everything else, then runs.

Or the language it’s written in allows writing a function that takes a recursive enumerate capability on a directory plus a write capability to stdout.

A while back I sent a brain dump email to LKML about “path capabilities”. Maybe I’ll try to implement it.

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Probably on a directory read basis. I’d need to give it more thought.

Thanks for the thoughtful question!

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