Cool, didn't know that. But like are they physically accessible? I don't think you can use the USB port as GPIO. Maybe some unused pins on the SOC itself, but that means opening up the phone and probably removing the shielding/heatsink...
I think you can attach a keyboard to a phone over USB, and in theory it can provide both input and output (you can control the LEDs from the host computer). That would be a more convenient route, I suppose.