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Some older MacBook and MacBook Pro models reduce processor speed and GPU performance roughly by half when running without a battery, to avoid shutting down if the computer needs more power than the AC adapter can provide.

Apple documented the behavior in a support note. I’m not sure if the Apple Silicon models do the throttling as well. I guess the situation doesn't come up as often since the batteries are no longer user-removable.

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At least on older Macbook there's a way to override BD PROCHOT MSR setting to undo the slowdown.
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I’ve got a 2017 MacBook Pro with a dead screen, dead keyboard & trackpad and no battery sitting behind my sofa, closed in a vertical stand and running macOS as a test server. Open Core Legacy Patcher will allow you to boot without the CPU slow down: https://dortania.github.io/OpenCore-Legacy-Patcher/
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I have the same device, did you just remove the battery after installing opencore? last I tried, I got omarchy running on it but now it just boots to the startup disk always. Not sure what's wrong.
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