The ability of any language speaker being able to learn the same mathematics or computer program goes to show that.
Id contest that spoken/written language is even necessary for thinking. At the very least, there is a large corpus of thought which does not require it (at some point humans spoke no or very little words, and its their thought/intention to communicate that drove the formation of words/language), so its silly to me to think of learned language as some base model of thought.
That is, people will lay claim that some societies that have the same word for the color of the sea and the color of grass to indicate that they don't experience a difference between the two. Not just that they encode the experiences into memories similarly, but that they don't see the differences.
You get similar when people talk about how people don't hear the sounds that aren't used by their language. The idea is that the unused sounds are literally not heard.
Is that genuinely what people push with those ideas?
The argument of notation, as here, is more that vocabulary can be used to explore. Instead of saying you heard some sound, you heard music. Specific chord progressions and such.
There is a linguist claiming a stronger version after translating and working with the piriue (not spelling that right) people. Chomsky refuses to believe it, but they can't falsify the guy's claims until someone else goes and verifies. That's what I read anyway.
Edit: Piraha people and language
My favorite example of this used to be my kids talking about our chickens. Trying to get them to use feminine pronouns for the animals is basically a losing game. That cats are still coded as primarily female, despite us never having a female cat; is largely evidence to me that something else is going on there.
I'm curious if you have reading on the last point. Can't promise to get to it soon, but I am interested in the ideas.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirah%C3%A3_language
There are also a ton of videos and blog posts on the subject.
Not much. It's mostly inference rules, just like in English use of pronouns. I's just more pervasive, pertaining to verbs, adjectives, etc... If we're talking about gendered living organism, then it's just a marker for that binary classification. Anything else, it's just baggage attached to the word.