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I remember talking to my ex's dad about his job, which involved planning refuels of a large nuclear-powered generation station in the Lower Midwest.

The words "it's a miracle it works at all" routinely popped up in those conversations, which is... something you don't want to hear about any sort of power generation - especially not nuclear - but it's true. It's a system basically built to produce "common accidents". It's amazing that it doesn't on a regular basis.

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I love the "analog" handcranked air compressor to 7MW generator escalation, it really captures human ingenuity.

I wonder however how being part of the "continental Europe synchronous grid" affects this, and how it isolates to Portugal and Spain like this.

But yeah there are a lot of capacitors that want juice on startup that happily kills any attempt to restore power. My father had "a lot" of PA speakers at home and when we tripped the 3680w breaker (16A 220v) we had to kill some gear to get it back up again. I'm also very sure we had 230v because I lived close to the company I worked for and we ran small scale DC operations so I could monitor input voltage and frequency on SNMP so through work I had "perfect amateur" monitoring of our local grid. Just for fun I got notifications if the frequency dropped more than .1 and it happened, but rarely. Hardly ever above though since that's calibrated over time like Google handle NTP leap seconds.

I love infrastructure

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> hand-crank a tiny air compressor

Is that what Dr. Sattler is doing in this scene from Jurassic Park?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoW4vXnkhJw

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That would be charging up the spring to throw the breaker. High voltage breakers need to switch on (or off) very quickly, to avoid damage from arcing. It's common for them to have some kind of spring or gas piston arrangement that you pump up first to give them enough energy to do that quickly.

Nice attention to detail by the filmmakers.

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No, he's winding up a spring to close the circuit breaker quicker than a human hand could, which reduces/prevents and arc from forming as the electrical contacts close.
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Ah shit now I want that panel for my dream house
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Hold on to your culos.
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I can appreciate the ability to revert to hand cranking an air compressor, yet I can't help but feel that the 99.99% of events, you'd be better served with keeping a two stroke gas engine ready to go. Air compressors tend to have parts just as or more vulnerable to environmental factors, and you get a lot more power for less elbow grease out of a two stroke.
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In 99.99% of real-world scenarios, the rig would have other options to bootstrap a black start—like fully charged air tanks, backup power from a support vessel, or even emergency battery systems. The hand-cranked air compressor is really a last resort tool. We test it during commissioning to prove it could work, but in most cases, it’s never used again in the rig’s working life. It’s there for the rarest situations—like if a rig was abandoned during a hurricane, drifted off station, and someone somehow ended up back onboard without normal support. It’s a true "everything else failed" kind of backup.
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Based on how difficult it can be to start my chain-saw, snow-blower, and motorcycle after they've sat without being run for a while, I'd not recommend a gasoline-powered engine to be the only thing on stand-by.
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Air compressors in adverse environments don't hold up that well either, without basic maintenance. I've had engines run seasonally for decades. It doesn't take much for them to keep working well, though doing nothing at all is an easy way to clog up the carburator.
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As an ex small engine mechanic, I'd advise against using a 2 stroke for something like that. A 4 stroke would be a better bet. Better yet would be a natural gas/propane 4 stroke, since gasoline goes stale and plugs carburetors.

Small diesels could be an option but they're harder to pull start for a given size.

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Do you have any small engine mechanic books you'd recommend?

They're my kryptonite, but I accept it's mostly my ignorance.

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Not being at all qualified to comment (though I work for a power company), I'd think the hand crank air compressor wouldn't suffer from no spark or bad gas.
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Stale gas was my guess for the plan. Maintaining an emergency system is one of those things that is easy to neglect.
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If stale gas is a concern, then all of the other steps in-between zero power and your full start are also screwed.

Air compressors have more valves and gaskets that are vulnerable to oxidation, especially in salty environments, so I'd have thought the upkeep between the two, the two stroke would be easier.

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It’s quite funny to think about.

Having good, fresh fuel on an oil rig. They need an engine that can run on crude.

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I'd rather bet on the simplicity of a glorified bicycle pump than the complexity of an engine any day, but then again, I'd probably have both!
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A power station can start a decently large generator with batteries.

Maybe there are other concerns for an oil rig.

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Batteries are great when they have charge. What happens if the generator doesn't want to start the first, second, and third time? How many start attempts do you get before the batteries are dead?

The hand-pumped air compressor is the tool of last resort. You can try an engine start if there's someone there who's able to pump it. You don't have to worry about how much charge is left in your batteries or whether or not the gasoline for the 2-stroke pump engine has gone stale. It's the tool that you use as an alternative to "well, the batteries are dead too, guess we're not going to start the engine tonight... let's call the helicopters and abandon ship"

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The data center where I work has large diesel generators for power cuts. They are electric (battery) start. There is no capability to start them manually. The batteries are on maintenance chargers that keep them in good condition. The generators are started and tested every two weeks.

Could the batteries be dead and the generators not start? I guess but it's very unlikely. I get that on an oil rig it might be a matter of life and death and you need some kind of manual way to bootstrap but there's not much that's more reliable than a 12V lead-acid battery and a diesel engine in good condition.

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Also, the data center is probably in a city, surrounded by infrastructure that could be used if necessary. An oil rig is in the middle of an ocean, and has to rely on itself.
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It's unrealistic, and if one power station is unable to use their batteries to start their emergency generator (through the absurd incompetence you describe, or more likely through a major fire, flood or assault) the grid can be started from a different one.
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Hand crank? I'd think something like an oil rig would have a propane or gasoline or diesel generator with an electric start and batteries.
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The point isn't to make a system that is easy. The point is to make a system that is guaranteed to work in any remotely realistic circumstance.

In a real black start, the guys might very well grab a portable generator and just use that instead. But having the option to hand crank something rather than rely on batteries that might run flat is good.

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and if the entire thing depends on it, you'll give that generator a handcrank as a backup too instead of assuming the batteries ever dying or getting flooded or whatever is entirely impossible.
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Black out on a rig or ship is very different to black start of a national electricity grid.

Most vessels will experience a blackout periodically and the emergency generator start fine, normally on electric or stored air start, and then the main generators will come up fine. It's really not delicate, complex or tricky - some vessels have black outs happen very often, and those that don't will test it periodically. There will also be a procedure to do it manually should automation fail.

There are air starters on some emergency generators that need handling pumping. These will also get tested periodically.

The most complex situation during black out restoration would be manual synchronisation of generators but this is nothing compared to a black start.

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