That's also why I don't keep anything important on my phone as I don't trust what's going on there despite having all the secure features that you would want.
Any privacy you have on a system is reliant on no one tampering with that system and on software behaving itself. Without security, you can't trust the system to implement any privacy.
You can't fix a lack of trust like you have in Android with technical solutions. The flaw in Android is fundamentally a social problem.
If you want something backed by objective data, my phone has an advertising ID built in the OS and my laptop doesn't. My phone had 100s of privacy scandals and my laptop doesn't have one.
I do applaud GrapheneOS don't get me wrong but I have a feeling that they are fighting a losing battle.
GrapheneOS provides far better privacy and security than a desktop OS. There's no such thing as an advertising ID built into GrapheneOS so it's a strange thing to bring up. There are plenty of privacy invasive things built into desktop operating systems and applications, including open source ones. They nearly entirely lack the ability to protect against apps and services being privacy invasive in the first place. They also have far weaker protection against exploitation.
You can find hardware identifiers exposed by Linux distributions more than by Android itself. That Google adds a nice sauce on top... yeah that's a sorry state of affairs, but an optional layer if you don't use the stock OS if it ships with Google Play
edit: but I appreciate looking it up nonetheless! I wasn't completely sure that I hadn't missed that Android (AOSP) includes this now as well