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Amazing bit of history, thank you!
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There’s gonna be one guy in charge of you, and he’s going to expect you to be putting out 20x output while thanking him for the privilege of being employed, assuming all goes the way every management team seems to want

I dont think this will happen because AI has become a straight up cult and things that are going well don’t need so many people performatively telling each other how well things are going.

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If a SWE could truly output 20x their effort, that person would probably be better at freelancing or teaming up with another SWE. If something can be automated away to AI is Project Management. Also, there has to be a point where delivering more and faster code doesn’t matter, because the choke points are somewhere else in the Project Life Cycle, say waiting for legal, other vendors, budgets, suppliers, etc, so productivity could max out at say 3X, after which, unless you have a strong pipeline of work, your engineers will be sitting around waiting for the next phase of the project to start.
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> If a SWE could truly output 20x their effort, that person would probably be better at freelancing or teaming up with another SWE.

Yes but this requires the willingness to take on the additional stress and risk of managing your own sales, marketing, accounting, etc.

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If AI can 20x an engineer, it can handle all this too.

Sadly it can’t.

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Except now you also team up with people who are adept at sales, marketing, accounting, etc. now to form a cooperative instead of a corporation. Maybe workers can get back some of the rights and fruits of their labor.
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To add to this, I remember somebody here on HN pointing out a few months ago that they’ve never seen so much investment in businesses that are going “we don’t actually know what the billion dollar application is so we’re going to sell y’all some rough tools and bank on the rest of you figuring it out for us.”
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> There’s gonna be one guy in charge of you, and he’s going to expect you to be putting out 20x output while thanking him for the privilege of being employed, assuming all goes the way every management team seems to want

A perfect summation.

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But that's really not the point of this particular article.

The point being made is, do you know what financial impact your work is having in terms of increasing revenues or decreasing costs?

If the company revenue is going down and costs increasing, developers will be laid off regardless of how many tickets they close.

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I got 99 problems but an agent ain’t one.
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I think you missed the key capitalist part:

There needs to be someone to benefit from all your labor. No, no, it can't be you. You have conflicts of interest!

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What if your work isn't benefitting anyone?
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If it sells, you don't own it! No one said a product needs to benefit people.
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> my job involves reading the spec to be able verify the code and output so the there’s a human to fire and sue.

So, you're the programmer (verify code) and the QA (verify output) and the project manager (read the spec)?

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That's the difference between programming and software engineering.

A software engineer should be able to talk directly to customers to capture requirements, turn that into spec sheet, create an estimate and a bunch of work items, write the whole system (or involve other developers/engineers/programmers to woek on their work items), and finally be able to verify and test the whole system.

That entire role is software engineering. Many in the industry suck at most of the parts and only like the programming part.

I think the hardest part is requirements gathering (e.g. creating organized and detailed notes) and offloading work planned work to other developers in a neat way, generally speaking, based on what I see. In other words, human friction areas.

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> That entire role is software engineering. Many in the industry suck at most of the parts and only like the programming part.

I'm always amused when I read anecdotes from a role siloed / heavily staffed tech orgs with all these various roles.

I've never had a spec handed to me in my career. My job has always been been end to end. Talk to users -> write spec into a ticket -> do the ticket -> test the feature -> document the feature -> deploy the feature -> support the feature in production from on-call rotation.

Often I have a few juniors or consultants working for me that I oversee doing parts of the implementation, but thats about it.

The talking to users part is where a lot of people fall down. It is not simply stenography. Remember most users are not domain/technical experts in the same things as you, and it's all just a negotiation.

It's teasing out what people actually want (cars vs faster horses), thinking on your feet fast enough to express tradeoffs (lots of cargo space vs fuel efficiency vs seating capacity vs acceleration) and finding the right cost/benefit balance on requirements (you said the car needs to go 1000 miles per tank but your commute is 30 miles.. what if..).

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> I've never had a spec handed to me in my career.

We call those places "feature factories".

I have been required to talk with many in my life, I have never seen one add value to anything. (There are obvious reasons for that.) But yet, the dominant schools in management and law insist they are the correct way to create software, so they are the most common kind of employment position worldwide.

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Careful with that though. The guy whose entire job is to "take requirements from the customers and bring them to the engineers" really does get awful tetchy if the engineers start presuming to fill his role. Ask me how I know.
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Are you talking about the "engineer talked to a customer and now both are mad at each other" trope?

While I have seen this happening it usually has nothing to do with engineers and more with that fact that talking to customers and identifying requirements is a task that requires respect and practice to become good at. Procentually I've seen more junior MBAs alienate customers than I have engineers seen do it.

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Please tell more.

I have the same impression. But that is where it is going - roles merging and being able to do the full spectrum will be valuable.

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Nothing much to tell. About 10 years ago on another job, I wanted more context in what I was building, so I suggested shadowing a user so I could see what they actually did, what value the software provided, and where the pain points were. A business analyst attached to my team became somewhat upset because she felt that impinged on her job. So there went that idea.
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How do you know?
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qa has long ago merged with programming in "unified engineering". Also with SRE ("devops") and now the trend is to merge with CSE and product management too ("product mindset", forward-deployed engineers). So yeah, pretty much, that's the trend. What would you trust more - an engineer doing project management too - or a project manager doing the engineering job?
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The PMs and QAs I know would disagree with that assessment.

> What would you trust more - an engineer doing project management too - or a project manager doing the engineering job?

If one of the three, {PM, QA, coder}, was replaced by AI, as a customer I'd prefer to pick the team missing the coder. But for teams replacing two roles with AI, I'd rather keep the coder.

But a deeper problem now is, as a customer, perhaps I can skip the team entirely and do it all myself? That way, no game of telephone from me to the PM to the coder and QA and back to me saying "no" and having another expensive sprint.

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If I'm managing a company of about 10 people to do something in the physical world, I'd probably skip the PM & QA and hire the engineer and have the engineer task the LLM with QA given a clear set of requirements and then manage the projects given a clear set of deadlines.A good SE can do a "good enough" job at QA and PM in a small company that you won't notice the PM & QA is missing. But the PM & QA can always be added or QA can be augmented with a specialist assuming you're LLM-driven.

Of course if none of your software projects are business-critical to the degree that downtime costs money pretty directly then you can skip it all and just manage it yourself.

The other thing you should probably understand is that the feedback cycle for an LLM is so fast that you don't need to think of it in terms of sprints or "development cycles" since in many cases if you're iterating on something your work to acceptance test what you're getting is actually the long pole, especially if you're multitasking.

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> If one of the three, {PM, QA, coder}, was replaced by AI, as a customer I'd prefer to pick the team missing the coder.

I am curious: why? In all my years of career I've seen engineers take on extra responsibilities and doing anywhere from decent to fantastic job at it, while people who tend to start much more specialized (like QA / sysadmins / managers) I have historically observed struggling more -- obviously there are many and talented exceptions, they just never were the majority, is my anecdotal evidence.

In many situations I'd bet on the engineer becoming a T-shaped employee (wide area of surface-to-decent level of skills + a few where deep expertise exists).

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> The PMs and QAs I know would disagree with that assessment.

It just depends on the org structure and what the org calls different skills. In lots of places now PM (as in project, not product) is in no way a leadership role.

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QA is still alive and well in many companies, including manual QA. I'm sure there's a wide range these days based on industry and scale, but you simply don't ship certain products without humans manually testing it against specs, especially if its a highly regulated industry.

I also wouldn't be so sure that programming is the hardest of the three roles for someone to learn. Each role requires a different skill set, and plenty of people will naturally be better at or more drawn to only one of those.

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From my experience with modern software and services, the actual practice of QA has plainly atrophied.

In my first gig (~30 years ago), QA could hold up a release even if our CTO and President were breathing down their necks, and every SDE bug-hunted hard throughout the programs.

Now QA (if they even exist) are forced to punt thousands of issues and live with inertial debt. Devs are hostile to QA and reject responsibility constantly.

Back to the OP, these things aren't calculable, but they'll kill businesses every time.

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Totally feel this. We're trying to fill that gap with Autonoma (https://www.getautonoma.com/), open-source AI agents that run E2E tests in real browsers without needing to write or maintain test scripts.
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Continuous delivery really killed QA.
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that's not the role of QA to be a gatekeeper, they give the CTO and President information on the bugs and testing but it's a business decision to ship or not
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I’m not a native English speaker, but isn’t gatekeeping exactly that? Blocking suspicious entities unless they’re allowed through by someone higher in the hierarchy?
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QA merged originally out of programming.
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emerged?
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I mean, yes?

Maybe it's different where you live but QA pretty much disappeared a few years ago and project managers never had anything to do with the actual software

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