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There are decades of scholarship on those cognates, and a longstanding view that in Proto-Indo-European the word meant simply "large body of water" and not specifically "sea". Moreover, it may be a substrate word borrowed into European IE languages, as the affinity of that Sanskrit word to this cognate set is not very certain.
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Yep, it's the same in Māori, a Polynesian language, where "moana" refers to oceans and large lakes alike.

What's really interesting is that in Hawaiian, a close relative with some sound shifts (k/t, l/r, n/ng, so taboo is kapu in Hawaiian, in Māori, tapu, path is ala / ara, the God of the sea is Kanaloa/Tangaroa) they have more than one word for ocean, kai is coastal waters, moana is the deep ocean.

But it makes sense in the geographical context of both societies and how they evolved to their environment, the Hawaiian archipelago is made up of multiple smaller islands separated by waters exposed to the full force of the Pacific, while the archipelago of New Zealand is dominated by two large landmasses separated by a narrow strait that together are about the same area as Germany.

So the Hawaiians remained more tightly wedded to the sea to build their archipelagan societies than the Māori did.

In fact, the Māori lost the knowledge to build ocean-going vessels like the ones that had carried them to New Zealand within a few hundred years because there was no need for it. And their language lost the distinction between "coastal waters" and "ocean" while Hawaiian retained them.

While we have evidence of Māori traveling to Raoul in the Kermadecs early on, as classical Māori culture evolved on much much larger islands, their technology focus on boats switched from ocean going vessels to coastal travel and river travel.

In fact, while "Wai", water, is often considered the Māori word for "river", there's another word that also means river in Māori:

"Ara" - path.

(Of course, it still means a regular path)

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Are there any large lakes in Polynesia? The Māori, Hawaiians, etc are one group of people I would expect to make a distinction between lakes (puddles, really) and open ocean.
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You can see the same with the word "sea". Its German equivalent See still mainly means "lake", even though in some fixed expressions it can be translated as "sea" (e.g. Nordsee, Ostsee).
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I remember reading that, in middlelow German the meanings were swapped “See” meaning the ocean and “Meer” meaning large body of standing water.

That’s probably why the lake is called “Steinhuder Meer”.

In low German the word for ocean still is “See”.

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Der See - the lake

Die See - the ocean

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As a Dutch person, we were taught German in secondary school and Meer/See were the textbook example of false friends:

het meer - der See - the lake

de zee - das Meer - the sea

I don't remember being taught "die See" but I also dropped my German course after one year (which I now regret). Anyway, I always thought this was an interesting development in our languages.

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It is probably not a substrate word, but more likely coming from "dead" water, as in not a moving river.
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This is a well-established field where you can read experts discussing the word in depth, including its derivational properties and ablaut behavior. This isn't something where an HN's armchair guess is worth anything, just like when laypeople use HN threads on quantum theory for their own inane ideas.
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Carl Darling Buck (A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages) and Julius Pokorny (Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch) are just a few of the philologists who have posited this "dead water" hypothesis
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Neither Buck nor Pokorny are regarded today as worth citing except for historiographical reasons. Their work is obsolete by many decades.
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Could you recommend a book or reading material that reflects recent developments in PIE research? I have a few books but they’re quite old.
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The cognate set is real, but jumping from that to "PIE had a word for the sea" assumes the original meaning was already maritime
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Wiktionary's note says some people think this root may originally have referred to freshwater/inland seas, not oceans.

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Eur...

In many of the daughter languages it does regularly include saltwater connected to the world ocean (certainly the Latin "Mare Nostrum" for the Mediterranean!); it just seems uncertain from this description whether it necessarily had that sense in PIE.

That doesn't seem like "had no ... word for ... 'sea'" is a very clear or helpful description of the situation, though.

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That doesn't mean no word for sea. It means sea refers to any large body of water that you dnn't see the other side of, like in some (all?) other language families. There is no discernible distinction from the perspective of the ancient observer. The Great Lakes look like oceans. Saltiness isn't of great relevance since there are salt lakes, too.
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For an analogous but completely unrelated example, Stoney [0] has a word for "ocean" (mînîtâga) [1], but it's also only spoken in a landlocked region. So maybe human languages have a tendency to preserve/invent the word for "ocean" for some reason?

(I actually remember asking the professor why they had a word for "ocean", but he wasn't sure either.)

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoney_language

[1]: https://dictionary.stoneynakoda.org/#/L/m%C3%AEn%C3%AEt%C3%A...

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Finnish language doesn't have an actual word for "ocean". We use "valtameri", which means something like main sea or great sea. And both "valta" and "meri" are Indo-European loans.

But in Livonian (an almost extinct Finnic language spoken in Latvia), Valdamer is one of the names for the Baltic Sea. So maybe that's the origin of the Finnish term as well.

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> (I actually remember asking the professor why they had a word for "ocean", but he wasn't sure either.)

Most likely a reference to Houses of the Holy.

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I think this is mostly a disagreement over semantics.
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