upvote
There is a chance that someone from a completely different field came up with a solution for a tiny part of your problem.

If you can remember the content of any scientific publication and any book in the world, you are able to make use of this knowledge in every step of you proof.

However, this does now answer how the model came up with the specific route it has taken for the proof.

reply
LLMs don't have super memory like that. I mean I don't know what this internal OAI model is, but at least for other LLMs, they aren't databases of training data with a smart search on top.
reply
The agents here very likely used search. On top of that, they have boundless patience and can quickly process top K hits to find what they need. This is exactly the skill that is super useful for finding various niche sub-proofs that can help you build the final proof. A human mathematician is not going to digest 1000 papers from a different sub-field to find the needle they want, not knowing if it is actually there. AI can do it in few hours.
reply
As Terry Tao said, LLMs are not outsmarting us, they are out remembering us.

I'm fairly sure your understanding is not fully accurate.

reply
I'm not convinced anyone really understands the difference.
reply
I did not mean to say that an LLM knows literally all the publications. But the abstract knowledge is probably encoded in the weights.
reply
No but they have training data which teaches them certain amount of complex understandings and just not math but also physics. So this is one huge advantage.

And then they are for sure able to fill their context based on 'smart search on top' to actually progress further.

reply
As I understand it it's undetermined yet whether LLMs can actually come up with anything novel or are instead pulling from their incredibly deep corpus of knowledge to present solutions that were there but we didn't realize it because our brains aren't libraries of almost all human writing.
reply
Synthetic data allows them to train well past the limits of human writing.
reply
What's an example of synthetic data?
reply
Only in the same sense it's not yet determined about humans, either.
reply
Not so sure. Was everything already "there" before humans existed?
reply
In some form and shape, yes. Humanity's creativity is a lot of marginal copying and remixing.

But obviously, it adds up to something greater than went in; in aggregate, our contributions are something to awe.

But my point is, if you zoom in at the marginal, incremental contributions of any individual human in this process, it's really hard for me to say LLMs are not at the same level already.

On this topic, people like to compare LLMs to Einstein, but as far as I know, Einstein did not zero-shot special relativity in an afternoon. He built it up incrementally over time, it took him three times longer than the time between first ChatGPT release and today, and it depended on centuries of prior art, culminating in the right observation and right notation being available to him in his moment of greatness.

reply
Unless everything was there before humans existed humans created some ideas etc from scratch and not just remixed and copied.

At what level LLMs are is then an entirely separate discussion, I think.

reply
> humans created some ideas etc from scratch and not just remixed and copied.

Name three.

reply
What would you accept as evidence there? Are, for example, the first names/words for colors from scratch?

So your view is that everything was there at the creation of the universe (it's a possible view, of course)? Or are there any "things" that can create ideas from scratch?

reply
Recently I watched a documentary on the tanzanian Hadza tribe, one of the last hunter gatherer tribes on Earth. Their language is a distinct click and pop language and they regularly imitate animal calls (monkeys, baboons, birds) when they hunt but also when they communicate with each other, tell stories etc.

I think it's not impossible that words evolved as adaptations of the environmental sounds with which our ancestors lived. The human creativity producing DNA is also a remix of preexisting molecules formed under evolutionary pressure, so the view that it's turtles all the way down, unintuitive as it is, may not be so indefensible after all.

reply
I mean what is your criterion on invention here? On the one hand, each specific word could be seen as a new invention. On the other hand, all languages basically correlate strongly with the environment of their users - it's why LLMs turn out to be universal translators - and pattern-matching is hardly an invention, isn't it?
reply
But LLMs aren't turtles all the way down, they stop at vector embedded tokenized words.
reply
My view is that LLMs meet the standards by which we judge human creativity/inventiveness, and thus that one cannot claim LLMs "just repeat, never invent" without the same being true about humans.
reply
Pornography, "I Want it That Way" by the Backstreet Boys, torque wrench.
reply
No this is not an issue. As long as their is a way of verifying things, they do the same thing with creating novel things as humans: Searching through an infinite space of possibilities opitmized by knowledge.

They combine things, verify it and if it works and progresses the problem, they created something new.

reply
Let me introduce you to 'obscure Russian mathematicians'.
reply