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> Can't really do that as easily in APL.

This doesn't match my experience at all. I present you part of a formal language over an AST, no cover functions in sight:

    p⍪←i ⋄ t k n pos end(⊣⍪I)←⊂i            ⍝ node insertion
    i←i[⍋p[i←⍸(t[p]=Z)∧p≠⍳≢p]]              ⍝ select sibling groups
    msk←~t[p]∊F G T ⋄ rz←p I@{msk[⍵]}⍣≡⍳≢p  ⍝ associate lexical boundaries
    (n∊-sym⍳,¨'⎕⍞')∧(≠p)<{⍵∨⍵[p]}⍣≡(t∊E B)  ⍝ find expressions tainted by user input
These are all cribbed from the Co-dfns[0] compiler and related musings. The key insight here is that what would be API functions or DSL words are just APL expressions on carefully designed data. To pull this off, all the design work that would go into creating an API goes into designing said data to make such expressions possible.

In fact, when you see the above in real code, they are all variations on the theme, tailored to the specific needs of the immediate sub-problem. As library functions, such needs tend to accrete functions and function parameters into our library methods over time, making them harder to understand and visually noisier in the code.

To my eyes, the crux is that our formal language is _discovered_ not handed down from God. As I'm sure you're excruciatingly aware, that discovery process means we benefit from the flexibility to quickly iterate on the _entire architecture_ of our code, otherwise we end up with baked-in obsolete assumptions and the corresponding piles of workarounds.

In my experience, the Iversonian languages provide architectural expressability and iterability _par excellence_.

[0]:https://github.com/Co-dfns/Co-dfns/tree/master

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I have never had a customer that would respond well to me saying 'let's build a formal language over an AST'. What customers have you had that did?
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Java, C# are good for these kind of situation where you want to imitate the business jargon, but in a technical form. But programming languages like CL, clojure, and APL have a more elegant and flexible way to describe the same solution. And in the end easier to adapt. Because in the end, the business jargon is very flexible (business objectives and policies is likely to change next quarter). And in Java, rewriting means changing a lot of line of code (easier with the IDE).

The data rarely changes, but you have to put a name on it, and those names are dependent on policies. That's the issue most standard programming languages. In functional and APL, you don't name your data, you just document its shape[0]. Then when your policies are known, you just write them using the functions that can act on each data type (lists, set, hash, primitives, functions,...). Policy changes just means a little bit of reshuffling.

[0]: In the parent example, CustomerConceptNo{127,211,3) are the same data, but with various transformations applied and with different methods to use. In functional languages, you will only have a customer data blob (probably coming from some DB). Then a chain of functions that would pipe out CustomerConceptNo{127,211,3) form when they are are actually need (generally in the interface. But they be composed of the same data structures that the original blob have, so all your base functions do not automatically becomes obsolete.

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If you sell one small piece of a business process, sure, go ahead. Once your customer has tens of gigabytes of data in your system you really don't want to shuffle around all of that all the time.

Funny you mention Common 'do what the hell you want lol' Lisp in the same breath as Clojure and APL.

If I ran a one or two person shop and didn't expect to have to grow and shrink the team with consultants at short notice I might use CL or Pharo.

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You left out that exampleMethod will of course belong to a Conway's law CustomerConceptManager object. I think this is one of the reasons that software as a field has taken off so well in recent decades while more conventional physical-stuff engineering has stagnated (outside of lithography to support... software) - you can map bureaucracy onto software and the bureaucratic mindset of "if I think I should be able to do something, I should just be able to tell people to figure out how" has fewer hard limits in software.
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