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Fascinating how using immigrants as a scapegoat penetrates people minds so easily at all levels of society and education.
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I think the field is basically over as a long term career unless you are truly exceptional. It will become very easy to build most software, and the upper end will be filled with the top people in the country/from abroad.

Wages are certainly going down for most software roles

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> It will become very easy to build most software

We keep hearing this, but where is the Photoshop killer written by a gas station attendant? Where is the PayPal alternative written by a retired nurse?

Over and over we're told that software is now trivial to write, and Claude is evidently writing some billions of lines of code a day, but where are the results? Where is the vibe coded app toppling the legacy hand-coded monster product from 20 years ago?

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My non technical wife asked ai to brush up the photo for her cv.

Ai did that with whatever cli tools were available and what it would write itself.

Ai is not a faster horse. It is a phase shift.

We won't see a gas station clerk write photoshop because we won't need a photoshop.

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Why ask such extreme stuff? Why not ask about the solo entrepreneur who creates a convincing iOS app without a programming background? Advantage the problem on the side of ML and look for winning scenarios today.
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because this comment is responding to: "I think the field is basically over as a long term career unless you are truly exceptional. It will become very easy to build most software"

photoshop, paypal, and many more companies etc. have software of vast complexity that cannot be reproduced or maintained today solely with llms, ipso facto you still need software developers or some similar role to build and maintain the complexity of _yesterday_

some guy shipping an iOS app to zero users doesn't change that. although i think it is good we can have more bespoke software.

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And today the line for amateur capability is being drawn at eager entrepreneur making an app on the back of Supabase and Lovable. The fact that iOS apps have zero users owes far more to sales and marketing than to software, so maybe that's where we should be putting our focus?

What can a mid level person do? Instead of a consultancy loaning out a team of 3-4 people, it might just be one person now. That could mean a lot of downsizing.

One thing mid level people wouldn't be counted on to do was create Photoshop or Paypal. The original thread is about top level pros being the ones who stay in the industry, right? That sounds about right if we're moving the conversation over to Photoshop and Paypal.

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this is a more reasonable argument IMO, but i would still disagree that that means only the top level pros stay for a few reasons (although it might happen / is already happening in the short term):

- if it is true that AI enhances our abilities it just means the goal posts move of what was expected for each level

- the complexity ceiling will rise for the level a superstar or a company is capable of maintaining, meaning there will still be stratified complexities for the mid levels of old to handle, it might just be higher than before

- counter intuitively but time and again increased software creation more often than not increases demand for more software rather than decreases

if the world decides it has no more problems to solve with software, then we are in trouble. i don't think that is happening anytime soon.

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You aren’t getting it. They can pay their engineers half what they used to, you don’t need the same level of skill to build photoshop. Yes, you need a bunch of engineers, but they will be driving coding agents, not writing code by hand. They can be hired and fired for cheap
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Until the VC subsidies stop and the human devs are half the cost of the claude tokens lol
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It won't be photoshop then. It will be shitty, buggy clunky app that costed a (major) fraction to develop but it will also earn a fraction. Companies like MS can afford this ie with Office suite but patience of markets and customers can allow them to go only so far, if ie Excel becomes semi-useless thats the end of Office and big cash cow for M$ (I'd say about time, that monopoly is not good for consumers at all).

This is in a way the same argument that all companies will use just boxed (albeit customized) software. In reality many, ie banks run their own custom software and for good reasons. Wake me up (in retirement) when any major bank decides to run their finances, regulatory stuff and transactions on llm-generated stuff made by underpaid devs like you describe.

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This is cope, ai coding agents will follow the path of self driving cars. They will be watched with extreme caution, but will slowly but surely expand outwards. Eventually manually writing code will be considered a dangerous/bug introducing act
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Every time I see people say this I think: show me the money?

If its so good why aren't you rich?

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Why would anyone get rich doing something easy?
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Because the companies everyone claims are now obsolete are making a lot of money still doing the supposedly obsolete things?
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the future is already here, its just not evenly distributed
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In the "iceberg" of boring company systems I see working day to day I actually think delivery of production software has been slowed down. The cost of "writing" code went down a bit, while validation costs positively exploded.

There are definitely more apps developed these days but I haven't seen anything much vibe coded which actually seems to have staying power. Everything is prototype quality.

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Now you can make a prototype without understanding what's going on internally or why the prototype wasn't good enough!
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See this is the big issue I've been seeing. The only vibe coded product I can think of off the top of my head that's succeeding at all is Bun, and maybe I'm behind the times but it feels like Bun's success is mostly being pushed by Anthropic; I've yet to see much other than Claude Code use it.
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All fields are basically over as a long term career besides perhaps prostitutes and even there I'm not entirely sure. But the questions of how soon and by how much matter a lot. Being early is the same as being wrong a clever guy once said.
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I hear you, but just to pedantic.. prostitution is certainly not a long term career either.. never has been. After 35, you're not going to find work as a sex worker..
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no programming is verifiable, and the major LLM companies are focused on it. its the first domino to fall by probably 5+ years
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If you believe that I've got a halting problem oracle to sell to you.
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Is it really that simple ? A programming function that has set inputs and determinstic outputs is rather verifyable. A ten million lines code base is not easily verifyable. Knowing whether an agent is improving when it's working on a huge codebase is not that easy - it could easily start hurting code quality without it being clear in any output.
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I think this is true.

A lot of AI believers (me too fwiw) seem to forget it’s a lot harder to ‘close the loop’ on non-code projects. I think this is because they are usually coders.

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That's what all AI believers get it wrong about programming. Code doesn't create products, humans do.
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> no programming is verifiable, and the major LLM companies are focused on it. its the first domino to fall by probably 5+ years

Which is kinda proof they're populated by sociopaths with extremely little empathy. The people who are building that stuff are programmers, and if they had a tiny bit of functioning empathy they'd stop or slow down or at least be unenthusiastic.

And we're not talking about very high level empathy here, but the very basic kind of thinking about the effects on someone very much like yourself.

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I agree. And I would remove the basically. I give it five years before essentially just a few very senior people are managing the whole cycle. Downward pressure on wages is just gonna keep ratcheting up.
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nah the world needs more software - it's just the delivery mechanism that's different.

we are entering the world of smaller service firms (1 - 3 people) - where technical chops will even get paid more. the age of cookie-cutter apps is over.

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Only if you run out of things to write. Is your back log ever empty?
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My backlog is less empty than ever - it just happens to be overflowing with whispy Claude-written tickets for functionality that somebody else's Claude suggested after summarizing some other Claude-infused Slack chat.
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ofcourse not, but they can pay someone 80k a year to work on the backlog, whereas maybe they used to pay 175k. its not about work going down, its the skill set needed to complete the work is lower than ever, and they need less people than ever
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they won't even need that as agents talk to their own lanes in some Linear project management workflow that your sales team agents are connected. The entire system is going to end up agentic and even the CEO will be out of work unless they are founders and owners of the company. We'll all have our own business this way. Or it all collapses. Time will tell.
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i think this is farther off, much sooner is just the subjugation of technical workers to be low skill drivers of LLMs
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color me skeptical that the CEO or anyone non-technical is ever going to prompt their way out of a major incident when all the AI chickens come home to roost.
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Maintenance will be forever. Tax laws change annually, so the payroll app will never stop being updated.
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I don't accept that argument. As I see it, laws should be structured as data rather than code, using a clean non-Turing-Complete DSL for any embedded logic and calculations. Maybe there would still be occasional situations when new software features are needed, but it should be a rare occurrence rather than on every new change.
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> laws should be

You are comparing what it is with what should be.

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People just need to add/subtract an input box and update the tax rates. They don't need an ontology of taxes and goods.
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I'm hopeful that software will be applied in new areas where it was too costly before, with AI help it will be possible. Software will be cheaper, even more prevalent, lower quality in since respects, but SW engineering will still be a viable career.
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There are really a ton of fields where people have done an absolutely terrible job of properly using the advantages of software, even pre AI. Like, even today there are people manually drawing footprints in PCB design software, manually determining what pins carry differential signals, manually forgetting to swap RX and TX lines.. except for the functions they absolutely had to have a computer do, they forgot to move out all the drudgery and footguns and continue operating in "PDF space". It's embarrassing for a profession that is supposedly made of engineers.

PDF space is still more advanced than the people typing into "word processors" however. Making software to emulate letters was such a massive mistake for the trajectory of computing, it let people effortlessly "adopt computers" by making a digital facsimile of their terrible analog processes. Only with AI we now have the ability to digest all this unstructured mess.

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No one said there won't be work to be done, just that fewer people will be doing it.
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If the work to be done is infinite, why would there necessarily be fewer people doing it?
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Because most companies aren't software driven, they sell physical products and software is a cost center.

There is a budget and when it is gone, no contractors until next budget round.

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it could mean they are not completely out of automation opportunities, and will lose to more innovative players if won't invest into software. The end state of these companies is grid of cheap robots controlled by software.
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In a few years, it just might.

If maintenance and security is fully automated and for small changes or a small feature you will only dump some spec document into your agent platform, for sure.

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> In a few years, it just might.

If you're in a product company and your development backlog is empty, run. That company is about to go out of business.

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Just another 6 months bro, only another funding bro, I promise, all devs will be replaced bro

I have stupid question here. Why they sell tokens instead of AI generated full application and AI fixes to your code without you needing a single dev?

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Because selling shovels is more profitable than digging holes themselves.
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Yes, when the project budget runs out and contractor team has to leave.
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For some reason people never mention this, but aren't there also much more people graduating with CS degrees than ever before?
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Pretty much no other engineering field made sense to go into for about a decade. Even kids who did go EE, Mech E, or even Chem E ended up taking software jobs. The pay, benefits, and work/life balance of SWE just absolutely obliterates everything else. Or did at least
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Exactly this. Went into physics but the academic landscape is hell so shipped off to SWE.
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And how do you think people go from fresh graduates to senior devs?
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Degrees take 4 years. It's a very laggy indicator.
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Right. CS Enrollments dropped 8% this year. High schoolers got the message.
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People can switch majors.

But despite me saying that, I think it's going to take longer than four years. It takes a while for people to realize that a dream is dead.

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Some companies hire junior devs to adopt AI-first practices to then drag their seniors in the same direction.
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This is a reliable recipe for turning your systems into an absolute clusterfuck.
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should be a fun decade :)
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Juniors to push the accelerator, seniors to pump the brakes. It could work.
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What if the new entry level is what we consider senior today? Isn't it possible today to obtain entry/mid level skills with LLMs? I wonder if things will shift more in that direction.
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People have been fretting about 'foreigners' taking their jobs for decades and it never really happened. This is all about LLM's.

I mean, think about it; just a few short years ago there was a very strong market for software engineers, despite outsourcing and immigration being very much part of the landscape.

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Orrrrrr... it could be a complex combination of outsourcing, an over-reliance on degrees, LLMs, a lack of "apprenticeship" mentoring, etc etc etc.

I was very fortunate to get a job in a NOC a little bit after high school where I learned things one'd expect to learn in an entry level job. The team I worked on was all about mentorship, learning, and building people to the next level.

Haven't seen that attitude elsewhere in my entire career except in the non-profit world where I reside these days. It blows me away that people are surprised that these industries have failed to build entry level positions.

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I'd also throw in hiring practice. Whatever we're doing (across the board) to find candidates seems....less ideal.
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> outsourcing, an over-reliance on degrees, LLMs, a lack of "apprenticeship" mentoring,

Which of those things changed (along with higher interest rates) in the past few years though? All the other variables did not change. They were present 5 years ago and present 10 years ago too. To me that's indicative that those factors are not the cause of a soft market for software engineers in 2026.

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Are you seriously suggesting that ten years of a systemic failure to mentor the new generation hasn't had an impact on the culture of mentorship?
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Are you saying that precise thing changed 10 years ago and hasn't always kind of been with us?

I am talking about the weak market for software engineers right now and what caused it.

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Erm, no. I'm saying that the entire industry failure to cultivate a wide spirit of mentorship is biting everyone's ass.
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I mean that could also be true, but it is not - IMO - the cause of the fairly sudden weak market for software engineers.
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IMO it is and I've been saying it for more than ten years that it would catch up with the industry. And it is now. The LLM shit is just a mask over the larger problem.

The front fell off because the base was never built to support a shakeup of the industry. There's so little support, now and for as long as I can remember, for people to fail gracefully in the field. It's just up up up. And now that programmers are finding their jobs to be a little more precarious, maybe folk will start supporting mentorship as a practice.

This isn't just a "market" problem. It's a problem of people not teaching others skills that help them thrive inside AND outside of work.

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My job was just taken by Cognizant, which is technically American, so I guess you're technically right!
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have you been inside any big tech company? lots of orgs are > 80% foreign.
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Yeah my new VP is from a certain country in the eastern hemisphere, and the interviews I've conducted for US-based candidates oddly enough have been 100% of engineers from that same country (say 30 or so in the last 2 years).
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I hope one day there will be huge class action lawsuits and prosecutions given how clearly obvious this issue is.
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That's not actually true; people have been complaining about this for decades, and it's never been the zero-sum game that they claim it is.

I mean, I wrote this 12 years ago in response to similar discussions on this same site, and in the intervening years, we had a great market for software engineers: https://journal.dedasys.com/2014/12/29/people-places-and-job...

What has changed is 1) the zero interest rate environment went away and 2) LLM's.

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ive worked at multiple FAANG, almost always been the only american on a team of 10. theres some huge push by corporations to deny it to justify shipping in more foreign labor.
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There are 100K H1-Bs a year and 4 million grads a year in the US. Anyone who thinks H1-Bs are actually contributing to their inability to find a job is a moron.
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But those H1Bs all come for a very narrow set of work - mostly software development or other adjacent roles. So your 4 million figure that counts all graduates in all fields doesn't make sense when we talk about tech.

There are around 100k U.S CS graduates . You're telling me 100k H1-Bs don't make any impact on them?

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You're counting only CS bachelors, in reality there's 400K graduates a year in software engineering fields.

There's also only 60,000 H1-Bs a year for private companies.

Lastly the majority of H1-Bs doesn't go to software engineering jobs, it's around 30-50%.

There's also basically no US company hiring juniors via H1-Bs, so yeah, I'm saying it doesn't make any meaningful impact.

30K H1-Bs versus 400K grads...

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> There's also only 60,000 H1-Bs a year for private companies.

Actually, more like over 80,000. They have a separate pool for people with advanced degrees (MS or higher) in tech fields.

Agree with everything else.

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The way you handled those numbers makes me think you have leadership potential, perhaps even U.S presidency material
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-85,000 NEW visas granted each year, not including renewals - The mass majority of those are going into the tech/software - there are only around ~100k CS graduates each year - H1B workers will take much lower salaries and benefits than their US citizen counterparts.
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And H-1Bs are easier to overwork and abuse because the threat of deportation and the dangling carrot of citizenship are very powerful motivators that don't exist with US citizens.
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have you been inside a big tech company? there arent many american fresh grads working there, its mostly foreign
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IME many big companies are filled with mediocre morons, or at least people who just don't care enough to do better than mediocre. Still not the fault of brown people either way.
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Why are you bringing racism into the equation?

It's not an unreasonable thing for people of a country to think that the government should do more to protect their livelihoods over a corporation's balance sheet.

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perhaps if you read the comment chain you would realize I'm not the one who introduced this into the conversation. Sorry that you disagree with my position.
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wow I did not read this thread fully, my bad.
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Can't help but laugh that even Amazon has someone who defends its honour.
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hahaha i was laughing too, of all companies for someone to defend
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Every $1B+ company out there has at least one person on HN eager to passionately praise and defend it online. I've never understood it. People get devoted to a company like it's their religion.
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>The reason you're not getting a job at Amazon isn't because of brown people,

The correct framing is "The reason you're not getting a job at Amazon isn't because of people willing to work for less money,"

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The compensation bands and the actual compensation are exactly the same regardless of immigration status.
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Bands yes, packets no.

Big tech companies aren't like a Government job with rigorous pay grades based on role and seniority. You can have people even within the same role and level at big tech with multiple $100k pay discrepancies.

If someone's continued ability to stay in the country where they currently live is contingent on employment then they will accept worse conditions and pay.

That's the entire reason why tech companies use H1B, it's not as though there's a dearth of Java developers or DevOps people who are US citizens.

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amazon is crammed full of indians, its one of the worst offenders. i spent 5 years at the company

also nothing impressive about a senior SDE there, maybe 10 years ago it was impressive, best talent has either moved on or is L7+

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What's wrong with being mediocre?
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Spend some time processing tech job applications and you’ll realize you’re wrong
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Take a walk through South Lake or San Francisco and he'll realize he's wrong.
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